GENESIS OF UNDERSTANDING LIMITATIONS OF INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS AND FREEDOMS IN THE ANCIENT WORLD 

Kapitonova Elena Anatol'evna, Associate professor, sub-department of criminal law, Penza State University (40 Krasnaya street, Penza, Russia), E-mail: e-kapitonova@yandex.ru  

342.7, 34.01 

10.21685/2072-3016-2019-2-1 

Background. The most attention in modern legal science is paid to human rights and freedoms and not to their limitations and duties. This distorts the structure of the legal status of the individual and ultimately affects everyone’s understanding of the boundaries of legitimate behavior in society. The aim of the work is to study the political and legal views in the West Ancient World in order to analyze the genesis of understanding the limitations of individual rights and freedoms.
Materials and methods. General scientific methods of cognition were used: the method of dialectics to study the phenomena and processes of the surrounding reality in their historical development, analysis and synthesis – to process the results and draw conclusions about the discovered patterns. Methods of historical, legal and comparative legal analysis were used to identify the content of the judgments of philosophers and orators of the Ancient World.
Results. The author’s opinion about the presence of two phases in the studied phenomenon is formulated and justified. The names of these stages are proposed, the most significant features of each of them are identified.
Conclusions. The theoretical statements formulated in the study have the quality of scientific novelty and therefore are of interest to legal science. The revealed features of the meta-prohibition phase and the voluntary limitations phase in the history of understanding the limitations of individual rights and freedoms in society prove that a person has never been considered absolutely free in his actions, even in the era of the Ancient World. This laid the foundation for the further development of duties and responsibilities as the most important elements of a person’s legal status. 

limitation of rights and freedoms, duties, person’s legal status, Ancient Greece, Ancient Rome, primitive law 

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